The Gardening Of Poems By Mary Oliver - 864 Words

The Gardening of Poems â€Å"But now I know more/ about the great wheel of growth,/ and decay, and rebirth†(Oliver). In the poem Stanley Kunitz by Mary Oliver, the speaker talks about a man who she at first misunderstands, but then realizes the reality about him. This man is Stanley Kunitz, who was the tenth Poet Laureate of the United States, and inspired many people(Poetry Foundation). Although many admire Stanley Kunitz, Mary Oliver admired him enough to write a poem about him, and how she wants to be as great of a poet as Kunitz. Even though at first Mary Oliver had misunderstood how Kunitz would work so ethically, and almost thought it was like magic. Oliver soon realized that it wasn’t magic, it had been hard work, which had make Kunitz such a phenomenal poet. Throughout the poem Oliver describes a garden, and how hard this man works to make it beautiful, which makes sense on the surface. When looking at the deeper meaning, the poem is about how hard work pays off and creates beauti ful works of art. To start, is how Oliver had believed that Kunitz was like Merlin when it came to writing poetry. It seemed to her that Kunitz was this amazing poet and it was effortless, just like magic. For example Oliver stated, â€Å"but their own good lives,/ where petals float upward,/ their colors exploding,/ and trees open their moist/ pages of thunder(8-12). These lines in the poem had been in the first stanza, when Oliver had first misunderstood Kunitz’s work ethic. WhenShow MoreRelated Ecopsychology Essay3891 Words   |  16 PagesWhoever you are, no matter how lonely, the world offers itself to your imagination, calls to you like the wild geese, harsh and exciting- over and over announcing your place in the family of things. Wild Geese by Mary Oliver Mary Olivers (Clinebell, 1996, p.188) poem has a lot to say about the relatively new approach to conservation called ecopsychology. Ecopsychology combines the human element from psychology, with the study of how biological systems work together from ecology. A more

Comapring Father/Daughter Relationships in King Lear and...

Father/Daughter Relationships in King Lear and A Thousand Acres The bond between a father and a daughter stands as one of the strongest emotional bonds present within many families. From the moment their little girls emerge from the womb to the moment their young women marry, the father reigns as the head of the household, the controller, and the protector. Though this rings true for many families, sometimes Daddys little girls make all the rules. They possess the ability to acquire what they want through their incessant whining, crying, and batting of their eyelashes. Daddys little girls assert control over most situations and possess negotiating skills that rival those of the best Wall Street stockbrokers. Pulling at Daddys†¦show more content†¦King Lear wants to give his favorite daughter Cordelia the kingdom, but Cordelia remains unable to acquire the land with her being the youngest and not the eldest. Lear then devises the love test to avoid the order of succession rule. The love test is childish, foolish--but very human (13 Knight ). He loves her so much that he wants her to have everything. During the love test, Goneril and Regan smother the king with exaggerated words of praise and pretended love, but Cordelia tells Lear that she loves him, According to my bond, no more, no less (I.i.94). Lear flies into a rage upon hearing this because he provides his favorite daughter with a chance to profess her love, and she refuses. This hurts him so he divides the kingdom between Goneril and Regan. Cordelia knows that her sisters possess a fierce hatred of cruelty and deceitful wickedness (117 Harbage). She warns them to take care of their father saying, Time shall unfold what plighted cunning hides,/Who covers faults, at last with shame derides ( I.i.283). She knows that sooner or later their darkness will come to the light. Larry Cook serves as the Lear-like character in A Thousand Acres. Unfortunately, alcoholism stands as his fatal flaw, and in a drunken state he cuts his favorite daughter, Caroline out of her share of land. Caroline feels uncertain about farming the land so she simply says, I dont know(38 Smiley). Carolines statement hardly

Use of Deadly Force and Less Than Lethal Force free essay sample

Todays law enforcement officer has been placed under a microscope and every action, word, moment and expression is scrutinized by the public and the media. When the situation dictates the taking of a human life by a law enforcement officer in the line of duty even more emphasis and examination falls upon the officer and the department. Fortunately, because of advancements in technology and training, todays officer is better trained and afforded a variety of less lethal options when confronted with a use of deadly force situation.Recent events and court decisions has caused departments to re-examine existing policies and training practice in an effort to become more compliant with national trends involving the use of deadly force and less lethal confrontations. A recent event within my own department has given rise to policy revision and training methods. No matter how clear cut a situation involving deadly force may seem there will always be doubt and skepticism relating to the actions of the officer and the position of the department. Due to this recent event, our department will take a closer look at the use of deadly force policy, the equipment utilized, the cost associated with the equipment, less lethal options ND the training necessary to reduce allowably and Insure that department In Is line with the national trend In use of force decisions and training. The overall goal of the department Is to Insure the safety of the officers, reduce and or prevent Issues of allowably and preserve human life to the utmost degree unless circumstances compel the officer to use deadly force.Training will play a very important role in the success of this organizational plan because the proper training in the techniques of deployment will give the officer greater confidence and balance when confronted with a violent situation. In order to address recent issues within the department relating to use of force and the use of less than lethal force, a more comprehensive and detailed training aerogram should be evaluated and updated. Training is the critical component in the reduction of liability for a law enforcement agency.A good training program can withstand any Judicial test of competency and receive validation from the courts. By establishing an aggressive training program that is update on the latest techniques and legal decisions an agency insulates itself from liability and forces the plaintiff to reach a higher standard of the burden of proof. A high quality training program does not completely eliminate exposure from lawsuits but it greatly reduces departmental ability. In the design and creation of a training policy one of the first areas that must be addressed is use of deadly force.Deadly force has been defined by the State of Georgia as when a law enforcement officer has reasonable belief that a person is about to receive physical harm and that the offender poses a threat to life while is the possession of an instrument that can inflict death. (Staff, 2010). The clear definition to the use of deadly force can be found in the Official Criminal Code of Georgia Annotated section 17-4-20. Another area that must be addressed as a acquirement for training is in the area of less than lethal use of force . The department must also adopt and revise all policies relating to use of deadly force, use of force by hand, use of force by instrument or object and use of force less than lethal means. The policy that is revised will identify the areas for training and address all departmental issues. The training standard for the department will be set at a minimum of once per year required training in all of the areas as stated above. The training curriculum will be addressed in more detail later in the research paper.However, before we address the training I feel that we must first examine the foundation of where the orientation of policy was created by cases from the United States Supreme Court. In 1985 a land mark United States Supreme Court decision was made in the case of Tennessee v. Gardner, 471 U. S. 1 (1985). The incident revolved around the use of deadly force to apprehend a burglary suspect who took flight from police officers. This decision later became known as the fleeing felon law. During the pursuit and the perpetrator.It was soon discovered after the shooting that the fleeing suspect was unarmed. The case was tried in the courts of Tennessee and finally reached the US Supreme Court. In March of 1985 the case was finally decided. In the decision of the US Supreme court it was clearly stated that the Tennessee statute which allowed for the use of any force to apprehend a fleeing suspect was unconstitutional. The US Supreme Court further stated in their decision that force can only be used if it is necessary to prevent escape and the officer deems the suspect to be an immediate threat to others. Tennessee v. Garner, 1985). The US Supreme Court further analyzed the case and determined that the use of deadly force is in fact a seizure under the fourth amendment. (Tennessee v. Garner, 1985). Basically, the United States Supreme Court ruled that law enforcement officers were not allowed to use deadly force against an unarmed person and only in the event the suspect poses an immediate threat of bodily harm to the officers or others, deadly force is not authorized.Law enforcement agencies across the country continued to operate under these guidelines until 1989. In 1989 another landmark case was decided which changed the dynamics and guiding force in all use of force cases. In 1989 the United States Supreme Court heard once again a case involving the use of force. In the case of Graham v. Connors, 490 U. S. 386 (1989) the U. S. Supreme court rendered a decision that changed the parameter as set forth in Tennessee v. Gardner. In the case of Graham v.Connors, the suspect Graham was stopped by police based on suspicious actions. During the encounter, the police used force to restrain Mr.. Graham until the fact and circumstances of the case could be discovered. After the encounter with law enforcement, Mr.. Graham laid claims of excessive force and unreasonable seizure. Upon hearing the case, the U. S. Supreme Court decided in the case and set a new standard for law enforcement officers to observe. The U. S. Supreme Court reached a decision and created a new term to define use of force issues.The Court created the, objective reasonableness standard. (Graham v. Connors, 1989). The U. S. Supreme Court held that in order to claim a violation of excessive force under the 4th or 14th amendment to the Constitution one must demonstrate to the court which specific Constitutional right was violated and the court must apply the specific Constitutional standard which regulates that right. (Graham v. Connors, 1989). The U. S. Supreme Court went on further to establish what is now known as the, reasonable officer standard. The U.S. Supreme Court stated, The reasonableness of a particular use of force must be judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, and its calculus must embody an allowance for the fact that police officers are often forced to make split-second decisions about the amount of force necessary in a particular situation. Any use of force issue must be viewed from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight. (Graham v. Connors, 1989). In summary, the U. S.Supreme Court set forth the standard which eclipsed the decision in Tennessee v. Gardner and created the new standard when reviewing use of force issues including use of deadly force. The Court clearly stated that when examining use of force issues several factors had to be taken into consideration when reaching a decision. Those factors laid down by the U. S. Supreme court are the severity of the offense, the demonstration of immediate threat, if the offender is actively resisting arrest and if the offender is attempting to avoid arrest by taking flight.By applying the objective reasonableness standard of another officer on the scene, the court concluded that these would be the determining factors in use of Orca cases to resolve the issue if any Constitutional rights were violated. Therefore, any departmental policy regarding use of force shall encompass both United States Supreme Court cases as guidance for establishing departmental policy as well as departmental training standards. Departmental policy shall be designed and tapered to follow the guidelines as set forth in the United States Supreme Court decision of Graham v.Connors. State law has defined the use of force as that force which is necessary to prevent serious bodily injury and/or death when an individual or officer feels threatened. Using the decision in Graham v. Connors and State law definition combined, the departmental policy will cover those areas outlined in the law and the court decision. The departmental policy will be designed to provide the officer with guidelines and the proper application of the use of force. All use of force issues including deadly force and less than lethal force will be covered in the policy.The purpose of having a policy is to insure that when a use of force situation may arise, the officers are given clear understanding as to the necessary steps they can take when the situation escalates. The departmental logic is not manufactured to trap or ensnare an officer when they are called upon to use force to affect an arrest. The policy is designed to assist the officer and provide limited coverage of liable. If the officer follows the policy when applied to a given use of force situation they are not exposed to the level of liability they would be if acting without a policy or on their own accord.The policy is provided to act a guide in the proper application of the use of force. Incorporated in this policy will also be a use of force continuum which will serve to guide the officers if the level of force used by the suspect is escalated. The use of force continuum will help direct the officers in the level and degree of force they can use to defend themselves and others. All of these issues will be covered in detail in the new departmental policy and the latest legal updates regarding use of force will also be included in the policy revision.The new policy will also serve as a guide for the departmental training program as well. All departmental training must be based on departmental policy or case law decisions. Many of the areas that are researched and implemented for training, decision; whether it is use of force, vehicle pursuits or firearms training these sections have focused and shaped training over the past thirty years. The purpose of having departmental training is to remain compliant with recent court cases that effect Job related issues and to maintain an ever vigilant position to reduce liability.The goal of departmental training is to provide training in the areas of high liability based on decisions in a court of law. The training offered to officers will help reduce the departmental liability in excessive force complaints, wrongful death suits and cruel and unusual punishment claims. Training will provide the officer with the latest sequences of defending themselves and identifying an escalation in the use of force to affect the arrest as well as offering an option to deadly force. The other option offered to law enforcement officers is the use of less than lethal force.Just as with use of deadly force officers must also be trained in the use of less than lethal options. By having and on-going training program within the department, the agency is able to demonstrate to the public and the courts that the vital and necessary steps have been taken to train officer in a manner of defense other than deadly force. Just eke the use of firearms, agencies must be able to show that an officer is proficient in the use of their weapon in the event they are required to use deadly force.Thus, the agency must also demonstrate that an officer is proficient in the use of less than lethal weapons. The purpose of conducting the training is to demonstrate that the officers have met the minimum standards for the use and implementation of this weapons system by attaining a minimum training score. This is the main reason for establishing a minimum training score or having a proficiency rating for all of the less than lethal options utilized in the apartment. The training guidelines for the agency shall be set forth as part of the standard operating policy and procedure.Al l departmental personnel will be required to attain a minimum re-qualification score twice a year in the use of a firearm as well as any back-up weapons. Officers will be exposed to the various options of less than lethal force and demonstrate a working knowledge of the weapon system. This will include basic and advanced training in pepper spray, Taster electrical control device, ASP baton, and any other less than lethal weapons system that maybe implemented in the future.A more advanced and definitive training guideline will be explained in complete detail in the department policy and procedure manual. Based on the policy a comprehensive training curriculum will be developed. The training curriculum will focus on two areas use of force and the use of less than lethal force. The use of force curriculum will address deadly force and any other type force, other than deadly force. The use of force may encompass hand to hand combat, the use of a patrol vehicle, impact weapon or any other weapon of opportunity. The less than lethal training curriculum will cover any type weapons yester that is specifically designed to interrupt a violent act but not cause death. Many of these weapons systems are utilized by law enforcement agencies today. For example, agencies may use pepper spray, Taster, ASP baton, nightsticks, bean bag weapons system. All departmental officers will receive annual training on the specific type less than lethal weapons system they use or the system that the department requires.All applications and use of any type weapons system, deadly and non- deadly will follow the guidelines of the department policy and training which has incorporated the most recent Supreme Court decisions USE OF DEADLY FORCE AND LESS LETHAL POLICY AND TRAINING that relate to the use of force. Among the topics that the training curriculum will cover will be the use of force continuum. The current use of force continuum shall stand as is written and it appears to withstand Judicial muster. The current use of force continuum has five (5) levels and options available to the officers.Those five levels are as follows. Also in the standard operating policy and procedure manual (SOP) the use of less than lethal force will be covered. As it stands currently, the less than lethal force s at levels 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the use of force continuum. A specific chapter in the SOP will define the critical situations in which less than lethal force may be used and the various types of less than lethal weapons systems that can be deployed. The less than lethal force weapons systems have been approved by the Chief of Police and incorporated in the SOP.Due to the many different and number of less than lethal force options, all of these systems cannot be covered in the research paper. However, the options that are currently available to officers for this department are; pepper spray, Taster and ASP baton. All three of these weapons systems will be covered in the SOP and the officer will be trained on the specific system. Also, a use of force matrix will be used to explain the various situations in which less than lethal weapons systems may be deployed in conjunction with the use of force continuum.Once the training has been completed there will be an evaluation process in which the officer has to demonstrate proficiency with the weapons system as well as the understanding of the court decisions that affect each and every use of force incident. The evaluation process will consist of a working knowledge of the weapon system, referencing in the use of the weapons system and a written examination demonstrating an overall knowledge of the less than lethal weapons and the legal requirements as set forth in recent court decisions relating to the use of force.Upon succes sful completion of the evaluation process a training file with the results shall be maintained by the department on behalf of every officer. The departmental requirements for maintaining the training file is done to demonstrate for the court or during any other legal proceeding that the officer involved has shown competency in the use of less Han lethal weapons systems and a proper understanding of the law regarding use of force. This training curriculum will help insulate the department when confronted with excessive use of force complaints and deadly force incidents in which a human life was taken.There are no fool proof methods for eliminating lawsuits and/or civil actions in a wrongful death case. However, having a training curriculum in which the officer has demonstrated competent use and understanding of the use of force and provide the agency with some meager defense at best. A detailed explanation of the raining program will be examined later in this essay. One consideration that must be given before developing and implementing a training program is to define the specific weapons arsenal for the department.Many agencies place limits and restrictions on the type and number of weapons a department will issue. Other departments will not enforce any restrictions and allow officers to use a multiple array of weapons system as long as the officer can demonstrate competence with the weapon. In this agency we have elected to limit the number and variety of weapons and they have been broken down into four disgorges; firearms, impact weapons, chemical agents and electrical control device. The firearms selected for use in the department are sub-divided into three sub groups; handgun, shotgun and rifle.Handgun: the Clock model 29 . 40 caliber semi- automatic pistol is the hand gun of choice because it is the nationally accepted standard for law enforcement sidearm. Based on research and dependability the Clock weapons systems to be the most productive and reliable handgun for law enforcement. Shotgun: the Remington model 870 and the Mossberg 500 . 12 gauge shotgun are the two types of departmental issued shotgun. The . 2 gauge shotgun has been the one constant in firearm selection for law enforcement for the past 100 years.It is a versatile and durable weapon that serves a multitude of tasks when deployed in the field. Rifle: all patrol officers will be issued the Colt AR-1 5 . 223 caliber rifle. This is a semi-automatic rifle that uses a high velocity round which provides the officer with additional firepower. The Justification for issuing patrol rifles is based on the current armament of violent offenders on the street today. The addition of a patrol rifle will give the officer on the street equal footing in firepower when up against an armed Eileen offender.The impact weapons utilized by the department will be the standard 16 inch ASP expandable baton. This is an impact weapon that will collapse for easy carry and can be drawn in a simple motion. The ASP baton provides the officer with an impact weapon in the event they are placed in a situation that requires the use of an impact weapon. The chemical agents the officers will carry depend on the manufacture pricing and Kelvin rating. Only chemical spray with a 110 degree rating will be used by the officers.This small but effective chemical spray can be carried on the patrol officer duty belt and retrieved in an instant. The chemical agent affords the officer another option in the less than lethal weapons system. The electrical control device used by the department will exclusively be the [emailprotected] brand electrical control device. The [emailprotected] is similar to a handgun and is temporarily incapacitate a suspect. The [emailprotected] is a most effective alternative to deadly force and gives the officer another option of less than lethal weapon so that any type of deadly force will not have to be used.This device is one of the many advancements in law enforcement technology that gives the edge to a patrol officer hen encountering a violent suspect. The firearms training for the department will adhere to the State minimum guidelines and follow the suggested criteria for firearms training. However, the department standards will be higher in order to maintain the State standards. Firearms training and the use of firearms are considered to be a high liability area for law enforcement. Due to this, special emphasis and care is taken in developing the firearms training.There are three phases of firearms training that have been incorporated into the departments policy and every certified officer shall adhere and allow the policy regarding training. Firearms training will be divided into three different groups to provide the officers with an overall experience in firearms. The three different types of training that the officers will go through annually are range training, simulation training and firearms tactical simulation (F. A. T. S. ) training. Range training will consist of annual qualification on the firing range using live ammunition.The offices will shoot the Georgia double action 30 round course of fire. This particular course of fire has been established by the Georgia Public Safety ratting center and USE OF DEADLY FORCE AND LESS LETHAL POLICY AND TRAINING adopted as the standard course of fire for law enforcement officers by the Georgia Peace Officers Standards and Training Council. The POST Council has mandated that in order to qualify, an officer must shoot the course with 70% accuracy. The department standard will be to utilize this course of fire but the minimum qualification will be with 80% for the department. Simulation training will consist of running officers through live scenarios with active role players as suspects. The officer will be confronted with multiple situations ND may have to use deadly force. During the training scenarios the officer will be carrying live Simulation rounds. A Simulation round is similar to an actual round but it is filled with dye. When the bullet is discharged and impacts on the officer or the suspect, a marking will be left so the instructors can tell where the round hit the individual.This type of training is utilized because it places the officer in a real life scenario and under extreme stress while at the same time it allows the officer to have the feel and functionality of a real weapon. The scenarios will be evaluated and rated and the participating officer must have an 80% passing score to meet the department standard. The final phase of the annual firearms training will be exposure to the Firearms Tactical Simulation machine or better known as F. A. T. S. The FATS program is a unique system for firearms training.

Transformation of Slum and Squatter Settlements †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Transformation of Slum and Squatter Settlements. Answer: Introduction The environmental issues are rising in the society and there putting huge doubts on the life of the future generations in the society (Berglund et al. 2014). It is the duty of the present generation to save the planet and help the future generation to lead a healthy life (Omole and Ndambuki 2014). Proper innovations help in maintaining a sustainable lifestyle in the society. However, the innovation should be implemented in such a manner so that it will be easier for the individuals to implement and maintain them in the normal life (Yu and Kang 2014). The write-up will throw light on two aspects of sustainable living for the living in the society. The two aspect of sustainable living that will be taken into account are sustainable use of water and recycling of plastic. The innovation that could be brought in will be further discussed. The innovation will help in the adhering to the sustainable living in the society. One of the most important aspects of sustainable living is sustainable use of water. Many parts of the world suffer from water scarcity (Mercer 2014). Especially, the rural population suffer from water scarcity as the people living in the urban locations use up most of the water (Mehta and Singh 2015). As the farmers are hugely depended on water for their irrigation purposes, they are the most affected people (Mont, Neuvonen and Lhteenoja 2014). If the people living in the urban areas and the companies working in various locations take small steps to save water, the entire water scarcity will be eliminated. It has been expected that world will be facing a water shortage of 40% by the year 2030 and the scarcity will be going to cost Australia a great deal (Tranter 2015). Australia will be facing issues with food and water security. The people staying at Broken Hill have stated that the people do not care of saving water until the taps run dry. Australia faces huge amount of challenges energy-water-carbon intersections that helps in facing the challenges of climate changes. The development of Australia is also affecting the water supply (Opray 2016). More number of concrete buildings is coming up due to increasing population. The country has to give water supply to all those people and facing huge issues with water (Taher and Ibrahim 2014). In addition to this, the settlements of the refugees are also increasing the demand for water supply. As the demand and scarcity of water are growing at a similar pace, it has become necessary to save and conserve water and think of was that would help in saving water (Siegel 2013). The people of Australia should find put ways to live sustainably by putting a check on the usage of water and help the country to combat the issues of water scarcity. Reducing the use of plastics The use of plastics is affecting the environment and he lives of the human beings to great deal (Mazze and Stockard 2013). Even though the plastics have harmful effects on the lives of the people, yet the individuals are not able to get rid of the use of plastics. As the individuals have been using plastics for so long, they are not being able to think about a life they is without plastics (Berglund et al. 2014). Plastics are not only affecting the human beings are also harming the species present in the nature. One of the most gruesome case that has happened recently is the case of a whale has swallowed plastics that have been thrown into the water (Papenfuss, 2017). The whale has been sighted in the beach of Norwegian shore. The whale had to be put to death humanely as the plastics have caused grievous effect to its health. The whale was unable to swim and remained stranded in the shore for a long time. Thirty plastic bags were found from the stomach of the whale. This incident has thrown light on the dire need of taking steps to stop the use of plastic as it is causing dangerous issues to the nature. To save water, there are certain innovations that could be helpful (Omole and Ndambuki 2014). The innovations should not be anything that would be hampering the action of the individuals but should be installed in such a manner so that it would be a part of the life of the individuals (Yu and Kang 2014). The above image gives the example of one such innovation where the individuals can do their normal work and save their water. The used water from the washbasin will go the cistern, the new water is going to the wash basin as well as the cistern. The cistern will be having 50% of the used water and 50% new water. Even though the steps taken are small, it will be helpful for saving water. The amount of water that will be saved might not be huge but on a long run, it will be helpful for the conservation of water. Clean water is needed in the washbasin. On the other hand, only used water cannot be used in the cisterns. Moreover, it would take a lot of time for the used water to fill up the cistern. On the contrary, filling up the cistern with new water will take a huge amount of water. Hence, filling up the water cistern will be best done with the 50% water and 50% new water. In this way, the amount of water that could be used will be reduced. If 5 liters of water is normally used in the cistern, then after the implementation of the innovation, it will be reduced to 2.5 liters of new water will be used in the cistern and the remaining 2.5 liters of used water will be used in the cistern. The users will not have to make any extra effort to conserve water other than changing the pipelines and drainage system in the bathrooms. Innovation to recycle plastic Plastics are not degradable in nature and hence it will stay in nature even after it is being used (Mehta and Singh 2015). Thus, recycling of the plastics will be the best action that could be taken. The use of plastics can be reduced but as the consumers have already being using it, hence they cannot stop the use of the plastics at once. Recycling and reusing the plastics is the best practice (Mont, Neuvonen and Lhteenoja 2014). Plastics can be used with asphalt and landfills to construct the roads. In this way, the plastics could be used and the roads with the help of the plastics. The roads that will be made by using the plastics stay longer (Taher and Ibrahim 2014). The costs of construction of the roads will be cheaper. There will be any extra cost for the plastics that will be used. Thus, the companies that are using the plastics will be able to make more profit face less amount of expenditure. The plastic bottles can be used to make footwear, bags and other accessories. In this way, then plastic bottles that cause harm to the nature can be reused. The plastic bottles can be recycled to manufacture the things that could be used for fashion purposes. In this way, it will be less harmful and the things will be manufactured at a lesser costs (Siegel 2013). In addition to this, it will be helpful for creating jobs for the people. The plastic bottles are collected, processes and manufactured. Then people who will collect the bottles will get a job (Mazze and Stockard 2013). At times, the peoples who are not well-educated find it difficult to get a job this type of innovation will not only help the organization to get more profit but will also help other people to get a job (Berglund et al. 2014). Conclusion After going through the issues in the nature and the sustainable practice that should be taken into account it can be concluded that sustainable practices can be a part of everyday life. Australia along with the world is facing scarcity of water. Plastics are not only affecting the lives of the human being but other species as well. innovation can be implemented by passing the water from the washbasins to the cistern. The cistern will have 50% fresh water and 50% used water. plastics can be recycled to be used in the construction of roads. It can be further used to manufacture things like bags, shoes and accessories. In this way, the companies will be able to reduce the cost of the operations. In addition to this, the many people will be able to get a job like collecting the plastic bottles and bags. The people who are not educated and find issues in getting a job, the innovations will be helpful for those people. References Berglund, B.E., Kitagawa, J., Lagers, P., Nakamura, K., Sasaki, N. and Yasuda, Y., 2014. Traditional farming landscapes for sustainable living in Scandinavia and Japan: Global revival through the Satoyama Initiative.Ambio,43(5), pp.559-578. Mazze, S. and Stockard, J., 2013. Evaluating the effectiveness of a sustainable living education program.Journal of Extension,51(1), p.n1. Mehta, M. and Singh, K., 2015. Dissemination of MDV II cooking unit for sustainable living.International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition, Public Health and Technology,7(1), p.1. Mercer, P. 2014.How Australia's Perth is battling a water crisis - BBC News. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27225396 [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Mont, O., Neuvonen, A. and Lhteenoja, S., 2014. Sustainable lifestyles 2050: stakeholder visions, emerging practices and future research.Journal of Cleaner Production,63, pp.24-32. Omole, D.O. and Ndambuki, J.M., 2014. Sustainable living in Africa: Case of water, sanitation, air pollution and energy.Sustainability,6(8), pp.5187-5202. Opray, M. 2016.Not a drop to waste: how expanding Australian cities can tackle water shortages. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/may/16/not-a-drop-to-waste-how-expanding-australian-cities-can-tackle-water-shortages [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Papenfuss, M. 2017.Beached Whale Found With 30 Plastic Bags Crammed In Its Belly. [online] Huffington Post India. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/beached-beaked-whale-had-30-plastic-bags-stuffed-in-belly_us_58957a1de4b0c1284f262e91 [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Siegel, K.A., 2013, November. Sustainable living in retirement communities: Housing modifications to help seniors age in place. In141st APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition (November 2-November 6, 2013). APHA. Taher, M.T. and Ibrahim, A., 2014. Transformation of Slum and Squatter Settlements: A Way of Sustainable Living in Context of 21 st Century Cities.American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2(2), pp.70-76. Tranter, K. 2015.Global water woes: Australia's looming water crisis. [online] Independent Australia. Available at: https://independentaustralia.net/environment/environment-display/global-water-woes-australias-looming-water-crisis-,7534 [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Yu, C.J. and Kang, J., 2014. Soundscape in the sustainable living environment: A cross-cultural comparison between the UK and Taiwan.Science of the Total Environment,482, pp.501-509.

Child Development Analysis Essays - Behaviorism, Childhood

Child Development Analysis How to rev kids up to do what you ask, is the sample to be discussed. Discussion The author, Hoffman introduces two experts, the magazines parenting columnist Lynn and clinical psychologist, Phelan, to advise two families, the Ashworths, father Nigel and his three young children, Ben, one, Georgia, age three, and Liam, age five; the second family consists of Angela, a single parent and her twelve year old daughter, Nina. Parent/child interactions in regards to learning and embedding lifeskills and routines are addressed. 1. The article does not introduce research findings or mention the role of research. Phelan and Lynn support two parenting skills, acknowledgement of the childs good behaviour and the use of natural consequences technique. Suggested research to support these findings. My hypothesis for research could be: would praise and consequences (reinforcement) work to increase a childs compliance? Research required to support these generic findings would entail the test or measure of the same families or families with similar features i.e. socio-economic, cultural, age, sex, temperament, personalities, genetic make -up several times over a period of time, this longitudinal study might find correlations. The strong positive correlations can tell how consistent or inconsistent the childrens behaviour is on compliance as well as on parental behaviour. Experimental research gives more control and faster results however this method cannot provide findings to a broad range of family types. The questionaire and interview methods would yield the most control and allow for personal observations. Improved accuracy could be obtained with home visits. Also, I could observe a control group for even better understanding of the interplay between parent and child interactio ns. Extensive research is required to adequately support the findings. There are many variables: chores, routines, temperament, family dynamics, peer groups, other key players (piano teacher), social ecology aspects, just to list a few that can affect the family. 2. Advice in article compared to Course Reader and text The advice given in the article is broad. The course material concurred with the experts two recommendations of praising good behaviour and natural consequences. I did not find any direct discussion of natural consequences,from the dialogue on conditioning and reinforcement (Bee,18)I inferred this advice to be part of this method. Evidence to support parental discipline was found in the text on page 3, Bee informs the reader that the childs ...temperamental patterns...can be and are modified by the parents style of caregiving. Our academic materials make specific reference to identified situations and circumstances i.e. Bee gives an example on page 260, ...he (Patterson) emphasizes that what happens in a given family, for a particular child, is a joint product of the childs own temperament or response tendencies, the parents discipline skills, the parents.., that is, Bee wants the student to understand from this description that generalizations often are over simplifications. The background assumptions and stance on basic issues of these two recommendations can be seen to have been influenced by the major contemporary developmental psychology theories: psycho-analytical, cognitive, social, learning, ecological. Current schools of child development believe children are born with certain inherent genetic traits i.e. temperament but are affected by their circles of influences, especially their parents behaviour and their relationship. These advisors, quite likely, are trained in the current schools of child development. Their advice is general, the article short on details, but it is conceptually based on current frameworks of child development psychology. For example, in the cognitive developmental theories of Piaget and Erikson, children are directly affected by their (key people) parents actions and (adaptation) purposefully change their behaviours to comply (Bee, 22, 182). Freud, in his influential theory of the stages of personality provides the groundi ng for discussions in the science of developmental psychology. Other theorists, as well have synthesized ideas that begin with the child as an active player in her growth and development moving through her life making choices, allowing influences or not. Research in these and other fields of child development support the articles advice. According to Bowlbys theory of attachment, praise good behaviour, would increase attachment to the childs parents (Bee, 306). Vygotskys psycho-social theory, zone of proximal development, provides a base too for the advice, the child is interpreted as directly influenced through his parents activities

It Is A Life Not A Coice essays

It Is A Life Not A Coice essays Abortion has been one of the United States most controversial subjects.Abortion is the intentional killing of a human being before birth. About 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion each year in the United States. Although abortion is regarded as a womans right, it should be banned without exceptions because it is murder, has psychological side effects, and there is an alternative. One of the controversial arguments is whether abortion is murder. Is an unborn child in the fetus a living being? The answer is yes. Life begins at conception. When the sperm enters the egg, the egg is fertilized and known as zygote. The zygote contains a full set of forty-six chromosomes, which is required to create a human life. Humans develop in stages. The first stage is conception. The level of development of the fetus does not determine life. Humans are not considered alive only if they are fully developed. If they were then only adults are alive. One is not fully developed until adulthood. There is not a magical transformation that occurs when the child is born. The unborn child feels the same pain, responds to noise, has feelings, and fears the same as an adult. It is an eating, breathing, and moving human being. Abortion is murder. Murder is not a choice or right. The only choice or right belongs to the unborn child. Every day these aborted children lose there choice and right to life. The child has a heart and brain therefore it also has the right to life that is equal to the mothers right to murder. Murder is killing another human being, no matter how old or in what stage of life. And yes to all those wandering the baby in the womb is a living human being (Shaw 1). If a mother killed her son or daughter at the age of one day it would be considered murder in the first degree. How can killing the child before it leaves the womb be anything but the ...

Pros and Cons of University Ranking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pros and Cons of University Ranking - Essay Example University ranking has a rich history dating back to the 1900s focusing on various in indicators to generate a rating scale. The ranking focused on students’ performance following university education as opposed to the success of faculties and departments in the institution. However, this was revised to rate the quality of education offered at various learning institutions. In light of this, university ranking aims at evaluating the quality of education based on various indicators such as research, infrastructure, service delivery, and human resource ratios and qualifications. Indicator scores are usually aggregated to determine the composite score, which is used in rating the academic success of universities. Ranking of higher education institutions can be done by the media, government agencies, professional bodies, funding organizations, and individual initiatives.The ranking hopes to raise awareness on the ranked institutions as well as illustrate academic trends across the globe. University rankings are known to provide potential students with relevant information when selecting courses and learning institutions. This helps students adopt a choice that is best suited for their needs relating to academics and extracurricular activities. For instance, from research on institutions offering a course of choice, one can make a concrete decision on an institution based on its ranking position. The decision made follows the evaluation of the institution’s performance, capacity, and success rate in offering the desired course. This serves to enhance transparency in information disbursement among the ranked institutions (Rauhvargers 20). Consequently, university ranking systems have been illustrated to encourage student enrolment by highlighting preferences in accordance to their target. This is evidenced by the establishment of rankings based on faculty performance, which is easier to interpret when choosing an institution. The system serves as an eff icient tool where students can evaluate their aspirations and decide on the institution that will best serve them. Rankings often encompass information collected from students through questionnaires and thus, represent the true image of the given institution. Students express their sentiments of their experience in the institution with regard to service delivery and facilities. Varsity rankings have served to ensure accountability from education providers. This is achieved by ensuring that the institution remains credible and relevant in the education sector. Accountability entails committing to quality education by fulfilling their mandate to deliver high-achieving students within the rankings standards. The rating standings serve as accountability instruments for the public to evaluate based on the performance (Escotet). Ranking allows an institution’s management in assessing their performance against goals and objectives set with the hope of improving the results. The proc ess involves collection of information on various aspects of higher learning, which is the utilized in generating demographic report used in policymaking. Ranking institutions of higher education also works to assist the university make improvements in various sectors flagged as weak points. Learning institution can recognize their strengths and weakness through academic evaluations. The ranking is known to influence the decision-making process by the university management, which is reflected in its policies. The management is inclined to strategize depending on the ranking system to maximize its output in order to improve performance. An institution can analyses its ranking metrics and revise its approach on various aspects of service delivery to drive success. In this way, institutions of higher learning have an opportunity to improve their standards with regard to quality of education offered. Depending on its rating, an institution can establish self-improvement tools such as qu ality assurance