Child Development Analysis Essays - Behaviorism, Childhood

Child Development Analysis How to rev kids up to do what you ask, is the sample to be discussed. Discussion The author, Hoffman introduces two experts, the magazines parenting columnist Lynn and clinical psychologist, Phelan, to advise two families, the Ashworths, father Nigel and his three young children, Ben, one, Georgia, age three, and Liam, age five; the second family consists of Angela, a single parent and her twelve year old daughter, Nina. Parent/child interactions in regards to learning and embedding lifeskills and routines are addressed. 1. The article does not introduce research findings or mention the role of research. Phelan and Lynn support two parenting skills, acknowledgement of the childs good behaviour and the use of natural consequences technique. Suggested research to support these findings. My hypothesis for research could be: would praise and consequences (reinforcement) work to increase a childs compliance? Research required to support these generic findings would entail the test or measure of the same families or families with similar features i.e. socio-economic, cultural, age, sex, temperament, personalities, genetic make -up several times over a period of time, this longitudinal study might find correlations. The strong positive correlations can tell how consistent or inconsistent the childrens behaviour is on compliance as well as on parental behaviour. Experimental research gives more control and faster results however this method cannot provide findings to a broad range of family types. The questionaire and interview methods would yield the most control and allow for personal observations. Improved accuracy could be obtained with home visits. Also, I could observe a control group for even better understanding of the interplay between parent and child interactio ns. Extensive research is required to adequately support the findings. There are many variables: chores, routines, temperament, family dynamics, peer groups, other key players (piano teacher), social ecology aspects, just to list a few that can affect the family. 2. Advice in article compared to Course Reader and text The advice given in the article is broad. The course material concurred with the experts two recommendations of praising good behaviour and natural consequences. I did not find any direct discussion of natural consequences,from the dialogue on conditioning and reinforcement (Bee,18)I inferred this advice to be part of this method. Evidence to support parental discipline was found in the text on page 3, Bee informs the reader that the childs ...temperamental patterns...can be and are modified by the parents style of caregiving. Our academic materials make specific reference to identified situations and circumstances i.e. Bee gives an example on page 260, ...he (Patterson) emphasizes that what happens in a given family, for a particular child, is a joint product of the childs own temperament or response tendencies, the parents discipline skills, the parents.., that is, Bee wants the student to understand from this description that generalizations often are over simplifications. The background assumptions and stance on basic issues of these two recommendations can be seen to have been influenced by the major contemporary developmental psychology theories: psycho-analytical, cognitive, social, learning, ecological. Current schools of child development believe children are born with certain inherent genetic traits i.e. temperament but are affected by their circles of influences, especially their parents behaviour and their relationship. These advisors, quite likely, are trained in the current schools of child development. Their advice is general, the article short on details, but it is conceptually based on current frameworks of child development psychology. For example, in the cognitive developmental theories of Piaget and Erikson, children are directly affected by their (key people) parents actions and (adaptation) purposefully change their behaviours to comply (Bee, 22, 182). Freud, in his influential theory of the stages of personality provides the groundi ng for discussions in the science of developmental psychology. Other theorists, as well have synthesized ideas that begin with the child as an active player in her growth and development moving through her life making choices, allowing influences or not. Research in these and other fields of child development support the articles advice. According to Bowlbys theory of attachment, praise good behaviour, would increase attachment to the childs parents (Bee, 306). Vygotskys psycho-social theory, zone of proximal development, provides a base too for the advice, the child is interpreted as directly influenced through his parents activities

It Is A Life Not A Coice essays

It Is A Life Not A Coice essays Abortion has been one of the United States most controversial subjects.Abortion is the intentional killing of a human being before birth. About 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion each year in the United States. Although abortion is regarded as a womans right, it should be banned without exceptions because it is murder, has psychological side effects, and there is an alternative. One of the controversial arguments is whether abortion is murder. Is an unborn child in the fetus a living being? The answer is yes. Life begins at conception. When the sperm enters the egg, the egg is fertilized and known as zygote. The zygote contains a full set of forty-six chromosomes, which is required to create a human life. Humans develop in stages. The first stage is conception. The level of development of the fetus does not determine life. Humans are not considered alive only if they are fully developed. If they were then only adults are alive. One is not fully developed until adulthood. There is not a magical transformation that occurs when the child is born. The unborn child feels the same pain, responds to noise, has feelings, and fears the same as an adult. It is an eating, breathing, and moving human being. Abortion is murder. Murder is not a choice or right. The only choice or right belongs to the unborn child. Every day these aborted children lose there choice and right to life. The child has a heart and brain therefore it also has the right to life that is equal to the mothers right to murder. Murder is killing another human being, no matter how old or in what stage of life. And yes to all those wandering the baby in the womb is a living human being (Shaw 1). If a mother killed her son or daughter at the age of one day it would be considered murder in the first degree. How can killing the child before it leaves the womb be anything but the ...

Pros and Cons of University Ranking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pros and Cons of University Ranking - Essay Example University ranking has a rich history dating back to the 1900s focusing on various in indicators to generate a rating scale. The ranking focused on students’ performance following university education as opposed to the success of faculties and departments in the institution. However, this was revised to rate the quality of education offered at various learning institutions. In light of this, university ranking aims at evaluating the quality of education based on various indicators such as research, infrastructure, service delivery, and human resource ratios and qualifications. Indicator scores are usually aggregated to determine the composite score, which is used in rating the academic success of universities. Ranking of higher education institutions can be done by the media, government agencies, professional bodies, funding organizations, and individual initiatives.The ranking hopes to raise awareness on the ranked institutions as well as illustrate academic trends across the globe. University rankings are known to provide potential students with relevant information when selecting courses and learning institutions. This helps students adopt a choice that is best suited for their needs relating to academics and extracurricular activities. For instance, from research on institutions offering a course of choice, one can make a concrete decision on an institution based on its ranking position. The decision made follows the evaluation of the institution’s performance, capacity, and success rate in offering the desired course. This serves to enhance transparency in information disbursement among the ranked institutions (Rauhvargers 20). Consequently, university ranking systems have been illustrated to encourage student enrolment by highlighting preferences in accordance to their target. This is evidenced by the establishment of rankings based on faculty performance, which is easier to interpret when choosing an institution. The system serves as an eff icient tool where students can evaluate their aspirations and decide on the institution that will best serve them. Rankings often encompass information collected from students through questionnaires and thus, represent the true image of the given institution. Students express their sentiments of their experience in the institution with regard to service delivery and facilities. Varsity rankings have served to ensure accountability from education providers. This is achieved by ensuring that the institution remains credible and relevant in the education sector. Accountability entails committing to quality education by fulfilling their mandate to deliver high-achieving students within the rankings standards. The rating standings serve as accountability instruments for the public to evaluate based on the performance (Escotet). Ranking allows an institution’s management in assessing their performance against goals and objectives set with the hope of improving the results. The proc ess involves collection of information on various aspects of higher learning, which is the utilized in generating demographic report used in policymaking. Ranking institutions of higher education also works to assist the university make improvements in various sectors flagged as weak points. Learning institution can recognize their strengths and weakness through academic evaluations. The ranking is known to influence the decision-making process by the university management, which is reflected in its policies. The management is inclined to strategize depending on the ranking system to maximize its output in order to improve performance. An institution can analyses its ranking metrics and revise its approach on various aspects of service delivery to drive success. In this way, institutions of higher learning have an opportunity to improve their standards with regard to quality of education offered. Depending on its rating, an institution can establish self-improvement tools such as qu ality assurance